feat(backend): add sqlite migrations + app state + tests

backend/CMakeLists.txt

@@ -9,13 +9,17 @@ find_package(Catch2 3 REQUIRED)
 
 add_library(csp_core
   src/version.cc
+  src/db/sqlite_db.cc
+  src/app_state.cc
 )
 
 target_include_directories(csp_core PUBLIC
   ${CMAKE_CURRENT_SOURCE_DIR}/include
 )
 
-# SQLite will be used via Drogon DB client in later iterations.
+target_link_libraries(csp_core PUBLIC
+  SQLite3_lib
+)
 
 add_executable(csp_server
   src/main.cc
@@ -35,6 +39,7 @@ enable_testing()
 add_executable(csp_tests
   tests/test_main.cc
   tests/version_test.cc
+  tests/sqlite_db_test.cc
 )
 
 target_link_libraries(csp_tests PRIVATE

backend/include/csp/app_state.h

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "csp/db/sqlite_db.h"
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace csp {
+
+class AppState {
+ public:
+  static AppState& Instance();
+
+  void Init(const std::string& sqlite_path);
+
+  db::SqliteDb& db();
+
+ private:
+  AppState() = default;
+
+  std::unique_ptr<db::SqliteDb> db_;
+};
+
+}  // namespace csp

backend/include/csp/db/sqlite_db.h

@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <sqlite3.h>
+
+#include <memory>
+#include <string>
+
+namespace csp::db {
+
+class SqliteDb {
+ public:
+  static SqliteDb OpenFile(const std::string& path);
+  static SqliteDb OpenMemory();
+
+  SqliteDb() = default;
+  ~SqliteDb();
+
+  SqliteDb(const SqliteDb&) = delete;
+  SqliteDb& operator=(const SqliteDb&) = delete;
+
+  SqliteDb(SqliteDb&& other) noexcept;
+  SqliteDb& operator=(SqliteDb&& other) noexcept;
+
+  sqlite3* raw() const { return db_; }
+
+  void Exec(const std::string& sql);
+
+ private:
+  explicit SqliteDb(sqlite3* db) : db_(db) {}
+
+  sqlite3* db_ = nullptr;
+};
+
+// Apply SQL migrations in order. For now we ship a single init migration.
+void ApplyMigrations(SqliteDb& db);
+
+}  // namespace csp::db

backend/migrations/001_init.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,66 @@
+-- 001_init.sql
+PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON;
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (
+  id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+  username TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+  password_salt TEXT NOT NULL,
+  password_hash TEXT NOT NULL,
+  rating INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+  created_at INTEGER NOT NULL
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS sessions (
+  token TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+  user_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+  expires_at INTEGER NOT NULL,
+  created_at INTEGER NOT NULL,
+  FOREIGN KEY(user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS problems (
+  id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+  slug TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+  title TEXT NOT NULL,
+  statement_md TEXT NOT NULL,
+  difficulty INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
+  source TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT "",
+  created_at INTEGER NOT NULL
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS problem_tags (
+  problem_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+  tag TEXT NOT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY(problem_id, tag),
+  FOREIGN KEY(problem_id) REFERENCES problems(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS submissions (
+  id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+  user_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+  problem_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+  language TEXT NOT NULL,
+  code TEXT NOT NULL,
+  status TEXT NOT NULL,
+  score INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+  time_ms INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+  memory_kb INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+  created_at INTEGER NOT NULL,
+  FOREIGN KEY(user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+  FOREIGN KEY(problem_id) REFERENCES problems(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS wrong_book (
+  user_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+  problem_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+  last_submission_id INTEGER,
+  note TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT "",
+  updated_at INTEGER NOT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY(user_id, problem_id),
+  FOREIGN KEY(user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+  FOREIGN KEY(problem_id) REFERENCES problems(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+  FOREIGN KEY(last_submission_id) REFERENCES submissions(id) ON DELETE SET NULL
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_submissions_user_created_at ON submissions(user_id, created_at DESC);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_submissions_problem_created_at ON submissions(problem_id, created_at DESC);

backend/src/app_state.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+#include "csp/app_state.h"
+
+#include <stdexcept>
+
+namespace csp {
+
+AppState& AppState::Instance() {
+  static AppState inst;
+  return inst;
+}
+
+void AppState::Init(const std::string& sqlite_path) {
+  db_ = std::make_unique<db::SqliteDb>(db::SqliteDb::OpenFile(sqlite_path));
+  csp::db::ApplyMigrations(*db_);
+}
+
+csp::db::SqliteDb& AppState::db() {
+  if (!db_) throw std::runtime_error("AppState not initialized");
+  return *db_;
+}
+
+}  // namespace csp

backend/src/db/sqlite_db.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,135 @@
+#include "csp/db/sqlite_db.h"
+
+#include <stdexcept>
+#include <utility>
+
+namespace csp::db {
+
+namespace {
+
+void ThrowSqlite(int rc, sqlite3* db, const char* what) {
+  if (rc == SQLITE_OK) return;
+  const char* msg = db ? sqlite3_errmsg(db) : "";
+  throw std::runtime_error(std::string(what) + ": " + msg);
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+SqliteDb SqliteDb::OpenFile(const std::string& path) {
+  sqlite3* db = nullptr;
+  const int rc = sqlite3_open(path.c_str(), &db);
+  if (rc != SQLITE_OK) {
+    const char* msg = db ? sqlite3_errmsg(db) : "";
+    if (db) sqlite3_close(db);
+    throw std::runtime_error(std::string("sqlite3_open failed: ") + msg);
+  }
+  return SqliteDb(db);
+}
+
+SqliteDb SqliteDb::OpenMemory() {
+  sqlite3* db = nullptr;
+  const int rc = sqlite3_open(":memory:", &db);
+  ThrowSqlite(rc, db, "sqlite3_open(:memory:) failed");
+  return SqliteDb(db);
+}
+
+SqliteDb::~SqliteDb() {
+  if (db_) sqlite3_close(db_);
+}
+
+SqliteDb::SqliteDb(SqliteDb&& other) noexcept : db_(other.db_) {
+  other.db_ = nullptr;
+}
+
+SqliteDb& SqliteDb::operator=(SqliteDb&& other) noexcept {
+  if (this == &other) return *this;
+  if (db_) sqlite3_close(db_);
+  db_ = other.db_;
+  other.db_ = nullptr;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+void SqliteDb::Exec(const std::string& sql) {
+  char* err = nullptr;
+  const int rc = sqlite3_exec(db_, sql.c_str(), nullptr, nullptr, &err);
+  if (rc != SQLITE_OK) {
+    std::string msg = err ? err : "";
+    sqlite3_free(err);
+    ThrowSqlite(rc, db_, msg.c_str());
+  }
+}
+
+void ApplyMigrations(SqliteDb& db) {
+  // Keep it simple for MVP: apply the bundled init SQL.
+  // In later iterations we'll add a migrations table + incremental runner.
+  db.Exec("PRAGMA foreign_keys = ON;");
+
+  // 001_init.sql (embedded)
+  db.Exec(R"SQL(
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS users (
+  id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+  username TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+  password_salt TEXT NOT NULL,
+  password_hash TEXT NOT NULL,
+  rating INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+  created_at INTEGER NOT NULL
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS sessions (
+  token TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+  user_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+  expires_at INTEGER NOT NULL,
+  created_at INTEGER NOT NULL,
+  FOREIGN KEY(user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS problems (
+  id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+  slug TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE,
+  title TEXT NOT NULL,
+  statement_md TEXT NOT NULL,
+  difficulty INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 1,
+  source TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT "",
+  created_at INTEGER NOT NULL
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS problem_tags (
+  problem_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+  tag TEXT NOT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY(problem_id, tag),
+  FOREIGN KEY(problem_id) REFERENCES problems(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS submissions (
+  id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT,
+  user_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+  problem_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+  language TEXT NOT NULL,
+  code TEXT NOT NULL,
+  status TEXT NOT NULL,
+  score INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+  time_ms INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+  memory_kb INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+  created_at INTEGER NOT NULL,
+  FOREIGN KEY(user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+  FOREIGN KEY(problem_id) REFERENCES problems(id) ON DELETE CASCADE
+);
+
+CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS wrong_book (
+  user_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+  problem_id INTEGER NOT NULL,
+  last_submission_id INTEGER,
+  note TEXT NOT NULL DEFAULT "",
+  updated_at INTEGER NOT NULL,
+  PRIMARY KEY(user_id, problem_id),
+  FOREIGN KEY(user_id) REFERENCES users(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+  FOREIGN KEY(problem_id) REFERENCES problems(id) ON DELETE CASCADE,
+  FOREIGN KEY(last_submission_id) REFERENCES submissions(id) ON DELETE SET NULL
+);
+
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_submissions_user_created_at ON submissions(user_id, created_at DESC);
+CREATE INDEX IF NOT EXISTS idx_submissions_problem_created_at ON submissions(problem_id, created_at DESC);
+  )SQL");
+}
+
+}  // namespace csp::db

backend/src/main.cc

@@ -1,15 +1,22 @@
 #include <drogon/drogon.h>
 
-int main(int argc, char** argv) {
-  (void)argc;
-  (void)argv;
+#include "csp/app_state.h"
+
+#include <filesystem>
+
+int main(int argc, char** argv) {
+  const std::string db_path = (argc >= 2) ? argv[1] : std::string("data/csp.db");
+  std::filesystem::create_directories(std::filesystem::path(db_path).parent_path());
+
+  csp::AppState::Instance().Init(db_path);
 
-  // Basic defaults. Will be moved to config-driven later.
   drogon::app()
       .addListener("0.0.0.0", 8080)
       .setThreadNum(4);
 
   LOG_INFO << "csp_server starting at http://0.0.0.0:8080";
+  LOG_INFO << "sqlite db: " << db_path;
+
   drogon::app().run();
   return 0;
 }

backend/tests/sqlite_db_test.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,33 @@
+#include <catch2/catch_test_macros.hpp>
+
+#include "csp/db/sqlite_db.h"
+
+#include <sqlite3.h>
+
+namespace {
+
+int CountTable(sqlite3* db, const char* table_name) {
+  sqlite3_stmt* stmt = nullptr;
+  const char* sql =
+      "SELECT COUNT(1) FROM sqlite_master WHERE type='table' AND name=?";
+  REQUIRE(sqlite3_prepare_v2(db, sql, -1, &stmt, nullptr) == SQLITE_OK);
+  REQUIRE(sqlite3_bind_text(stmt, 1, table_name, -1, SQLITE_TRANSIENT) ==
+          SQLITE_OK);
+  REQUIRE(sqlite3_step(stmt) == SQLITE_ROW);
+  const int v = sqlite3_column_int(stmt, 0);
+  sqlite3_finalize(stmt);
+  return v;
+}
+
+}  // namespace
+
+TEST_CASE("migrations create core tables") {
+  auto db = csp::db::SqliteDb::OpenMemory();
+  csp::db::ApplyMigrations(db);
+
+  REQUIRE(CountTable(db.raw(), "users") == 1);
+  REQUIRE(CountTable(db.raw(), "sessions") == 1);
+  REQUIRE(CountTable(db.raw(), "problems") == 1);
+  REQUIRE(CountTable(db.raw(), "submissions") == 1);
+  REQUIRE(CountTable(db.raw(), "wrong_book") == 1);
+}