{
  "canonical_id": "nuxt--CVE-2025-59414",
  "system_id": "nuxt",
  "display_name": "Nuxt",
  "category": "frameworks",
  "advisory_mode": "core",
  "title": "Nuxt has Client-Side Path Traversal in Nuxt Island Payload Revival",
  "summary": "### Summary\n\nA client-side path traversal vulnerability in Nuxt's Island payload revival mechanism allowed attackers to manipulate client-side requests to different endpoints within the same application domain when specific prerendering conditions are met.\n\n### Technical Details\n\nThe vulnerability occurs in the client-side payload revival process (revive-payload.client.ts) where Nuxt Islands are automatically fetched when encountering serialized `__nuxt_island` objects. The issue affects the following flow:\n\n1. During prerendering, if an API endpoint returns user-controlled data containing a crafted `__nuxt_island` object\n2. This data gets serialized with `devalue.stringify` and stored in the prerendered page\n3. When a client navigates to the prerendered page, `devalue.parse` deserializes the payload\n4. The Island reviver attempts to fetch `/__nuxt_island/${key}.json` where `key` could contain path traversal sequences\n\n### Prerequisites for Exploitation\n\nThis vulnerability requires **all** of the following conditions:\n\n1. **Prerendered pages**: The application must use Nuxt's prerendering feature (`nitro.prerender`)\n2. **Attacker-controlled API responses**: The attacker must be able to control the response content of an API endpoint that is called during prerendering via `useFetch`, `useAsyncData`, or similar composables\n3. **Client-side navigation**: A user must navigate to the prerendered page (not during initial SSR hydration)\n\n### Attack Scenario\n\n```javascript\n// Malicious API response during prerendering\n{\n  \"__nuxt_island\": {\n    \"key\": \"../../../../internal/service\",\n    \"params\": { \"action\": \"probe\" }\n  }\n}\n```\n\nThis could cause the client to make requests to `/__nuxt_island/../../../../internal/service.json` if path traversal is not properly handled by the server.\n\n### Impact Assessment\n\n- **Limited Impact**: The vulnerability has a low severity due to the highly specific prerequisites\n- **No Direct Data Exfiltration**: The vulnerability does not directly expose sensitive data\n- **Client-Side Only**: Requests originate from the client, not the server\n\n### Mitigation\n\n**Action Required:**\n- Update to Nuxt 3.19.0+ or 4.1.0+ immediately\n- Review any prerendered pages that fetch external or user-controlled data\n\n**Temporary Workarounds** (if immediate update is not possible):\n1. Disable prerendering for pages that fetch user-controlled data\n2. Implement strict input validation on API endpoints used during prerendering\n3. Use allowlists for API response structures during prerendering\n\n### Fix Details\n\n[The fix](https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/2566d2046bccb158d98fb13e42ce4b2c33fb2595) implemented validation for Island keys in `revive-payload.server.ts`:\n- Island keys must match the pattern `/^[a-z][a-z\\d-]*_[a-z\\d]+$/i`\n- Maximum length of 100 characters\n- Prevents path traversal and special characters",
  "published_at": "2025-09-17T20:42:28Z",
  "updated_at": "2025-09-18T13:04:21Z",
  "severity": "low",
  "cvss_score": 3.1,
  "exploit_status": "unknown",
  "source_confidence": "official",
  "official_source_url": "https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/security/advisories/GHSA-p6jq-8vc4-79f6",
  "secondary_source_urls": [
    "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59414",
    "https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/2566d2046bccb158d98fb13e42ce4b2c33fb2595",
    "https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt"
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-59414",
    "GHSA-p6jq-8vc4-79f6"
  ],
  "cve_ids": [
    "CVE-2025-59414"
  ],
  "ghsa_ids": [
    "GHSA-p6jq-8vc4-79f6"
  ],
  "osv_ids": [
    "GHSA-p6jq-8vc4-79f6"
  ],
  "affected_versions": [
    "introduced=3.6.0, fixed<3.19.0",
    "introduced=4.0.0, fixed<4.1.0"
  ],
  "fixed_versions": [
    "3.19.0",
    "4.1.0"
  ],
  "package_name": "nuxt",
  "render_markdown": true,
  "case_path": "07-framework-security/frameworks/nuxt/cases/nuxt-cve-2025-59414.md",
  "secure_code_topics": [
    "authz-server-side-recheck",
    "proxy-trust-boundary",
    "token-cookie-storage",
    "path-traversal-guard"
  ],
  "status": "generated",
  "triage_reasons": [],
  "entity_refs": [
    {
      "entity_id": "nuxt",
      "entity_type": "system",
      "relation": "root-system",
      "root_system_id": "nuxt",
      "official": true
    },
    {
      "entity_id": "nuxt--project--nuxt",
      "entity_type": "project",
      "relation": "affected-component",
      "root_system_id": "nuxt",
      "official": false
    }
  ],
  "affected_components": [
    {
      "name": "nuxt",
      "entity_id": "nuxt--project--nuxt",
      "scope": "package",
      "package_name": "nuxt",
      "official": false
    }
  ],
  "affected_version_ranges": [
    "introduced=3.6.0, fixed<3.19.0",
    "introduced=4.0.0, fixed<4.1.0"
  ],
  "fixed_version_ranges": [
    "3.19.0",
    "4.1.0"
  ],
  "introduced_version": "introduced=4.0.0, fixed<4.1.0",
  "patched_version": "3.19.0",
  "version_evidence_sources": [
    "https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/security/advisories/GHSA-p6jq-8vc4-79f6",
    "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59414",
    "https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/2566d2046bccb158d98fb13e42ce4b2c33fb2595",
    "https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt"
  ],
  "affected_version_refs": [
    "nuxt--project--nuxt--introduced-3-6-0-fixed-3-19-0",
    "nuxt--project--nuxt--introduced-4-0-0-fixed-4-1-0"
  ],
  "fixed_version_refs": [
    "nuxt--project--nuxt--3-19-0",
    "nuxt--project--nuxt--4-1-0"
  ],
  "patched_version_refs": [
    "nuxt--project--nuxt--3-19-0"
  ],
  "version_sync_confidence": "high",
  "advisory_scope": "package",
  "version_confidence": "high",
  "version_gap_reason": "",
  "version_resolution_needed": false,
  "workflow": {
    "workflow_id": "nuxt--CVE-2025-59414--workflow",
    "vuln_family": "proxy-boundary",
    "entry_surface": "proxy-header-or-trust-boundary",
    "preconditions": [
      "\u4ec5\u5728 lab-local\u3001lab-public \u6216\u660e\u786e\u6388\u6743\u76ee\u6807\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u3002",
      "\u786e\u8ba4\u76ee\u6807\u547d\u4e2d\u7248\u672c\u65ad\u8a00: introduced=3.6.0, fixed<3.19.0, introduced=4.0.0, fixed<4.1.0",
      "\u82e5\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c5e\u4e8e `package`\uff0c\u5148\u786e\u8ba4\u6269\u5c55/\u4ed3\u5e93/\u5305\u5df2\u542f\u7528\u5e76\u5904\u4e8e\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u7248\u672c\u3002"
    ],
    "required_role": "reverse-proxy-or-edge-client",
    "affected_version_assertion": [
      "introduced=3.6.0, fixed<3.19.0",
      "introduced=4.0.0, fixed<4.1.0"
    ],
    "trigger_vector": "\u5bf9 `proxy-boundary` \u5bb6\u65cf\u5165\u53e3\u6295\u9012\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u3001\u53ef\u5ba1\u8ba1\u3001\u53ef\u56de\u6eda\u7684\u53d7\u63a7\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u4fee\u590d\u524d\u540e\u5dee\u5f02\u3002",
    "request_or_ui_path": [
      "/middleware",
      "/x-forwarded-* trust path"
    ],
    "input_shape": "\u63d0\u4ea4\u53d7\u63a7\u4ee3\u7406\u5934\u6216\u6765\u6e90\u5934\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4fe1\u4efb\u8fb9\u754c\u548c\u56de\u6e90\u9274\u6743\u3002",
    "expected_unsafe_behavior": "\u4ec5\u51ed\u4ee3\u7406\u5934\u5373\u53ef\u8d8a\u8fc7\u9274\u6743\u6216\u6765\u6e90\u63a7\u5236\u3002",
    "server_evidence_points": [
      "\u5e94\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4e2d\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u9274\u6743\u51b3\u7b56\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\u6808",
      "\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u6216\u8fb9\u754c\u5c42\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u3001\u6765\u6e90 IP \u4e0e\u8def\u7531\u51b3\u7b56"
    ],
    "browser_evidence_points": [
      "\u57fa\u7ebf\u622a\u56fe\u4e0e\u653b\u51fb\u540e\u622a\u56fe\u7684 DOM/\u89c6\u89c9\u5dee\u5f02",
      "console\u3001network \u4e0e response metadata \u4e2d\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u4fe1\u53f7"
    ],
    "db_or_fs_evidence_points": [
      "\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u65b0\u589e/\u8d8a\u6743\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6570\u636e",
      "\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u65b0\u589e\u4e0a\u4f20\u6837\u672c\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u6761\u76ee\u6216\u8d8a\u6743\u8bfb\u53d6\u75d5\u8ff9"
    ],
    "detection_signals": [
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      "\u5e94\u7528\u5ba1\u8ba1\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7684\u6743\u9650\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5f02\u5e38\u3001\u6a21\u677f\u6e32\u67d3\u6216\u4e0a\u4f20\u843d\u76d8\u4e8b\u4ef6",
      "\u4e0a\u6e38\u4ee3\u7406\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u5bf9 Content-Length / Transfer-Encoding / forwarded headers \u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5dee\u5f02"
    ],
    "mitigation_summary": "\u4f18\u5148\u5347\u7ea7\u5230\u4fee\u590d\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u540c\u65f6\u6536\u7d27\u8f93\u5165\u6821\u9a8c\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u9274\u6743\u3001\u4ee3\u7406\u4fe1\u4efb\u8fb9\u754c\u3001\u6269\u5c55\u5b89\u88c5\u4fe1\u4efb\u548c\u5ba1\u8ba1\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002",
    "patch_validation_steps": [
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      "\u8865\u5145 `proxy-boundary` \u65cf\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u56de\u5f52\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u540c\u7c7b\u8def\u5f84\u5728\u63d2\u4ef6\u3001\u4e3b\u9898\u6216\u4ee3\u7406\u94fe\u4e2d\u56de\u5f52\u3002"
    ],
    "lab_safety_notes": [
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    ],
    "review_state": "ready"
  },
  "verification_status": "triage-manual",
  "verification_mode": "synthetic",
  "last_verified_at": null,
  "last_run_id": null,
  "evidence_bundle": null,
  "historical_status": null,
  "latest_status": null,
  "browser_evidence": {
    "required": false,
    "present": false,
    "refs": []
  },
  "repro_profile_id": "proxy-boundary-generic",
  "artifact_mode": "official-source",
  "blocked_reason": null,
  "metadata": {
    "source_names": [
      "OSV Nuxt"
    ],
    "source_kinds": [
      "osv-batch"
    ],
    "candidate_count": 1,
    "entity_ref_count": 2,
    "advisory_scope": "package",
    "version_confidence": "high",
    "workflow_id": "nuxt--CVE-2025-59414--workflow"
  }
}