{
  "canonical_id": "caddy--CVE-2026-27586",
  "system_id": "caddy",
  "display_name": "Caddy",
  "category": "servers",
  "advisory_mode": "server",
  "title": "Caddy: mTLS client authentication silently fails open when CA certificate file is missing or malformed",
  "summary": "### Summary\n\nTwo swallowed errors in `ClientAuthentication.provision()` cause mTLS client certificate authentication to silently fail open when a CA certificate file is missing, unreadable, or malformed. The server starts without error but accepts any client certificate signed by any system-trusted CA, completely bypassing the intended private CA trust boundary.\n\n### Details\n\nIn `modules/caddytls/connpolicy.go`, the `provision()` method has two `return nil` statements that should be `return err`:\n\n**Bug #1 \u2014 line 787:**\n```go\nders, err := convertPEMFilesToDER(fpath)\nif err != nil {\n    return nil  // BUG: should be \"return err\"\n}\n```\n\n**Bug #2 \u2014 line 800:**\n```go\nerr := caPool.Provision(ctx)\nif err != nil {\n    return nil  // BUG: should be \"return err\"\n}\n```\n\nCompare with line 811 which correctly returns the error:\n```go\ncaRaw, err := ctx.LoadModule(clientauth, \"CARaw\")\nif err != nil {\n    return err  // CORRECT\n}\n```\n\nWhen the error is swallowed on line 787, the chain is:\n\n1. `TrustedCACerts` remains empty (no DER data appended from the file)\n2. The `len(clientauth.TrustedCACerts) > 0` guard on line 794 is false \u2014 skipped\n3. `clientauth.CARaw` is nil \u2014 line 806 returns nil\n4. `clientauth.ca` remains nil \u2014 no CA pool was created\n5. `provision()` returns nil \u2014 caller thinks provisioning succeeded\n\nThen in `ConfigureTLSConfig()`:\n\n6. `Active()` returns true because `TrustedCACertPEMFiles` is non-empty\n7. Default mode is set to `RequireAndVerifyClientCert` (line 860)\n8. But `clientauth.ca` is nil, so `cfg.ClientCAs` is never set (line 867 skipped)\n9. Go's `crypto/tls` with `RequireAndVerifyClientCert` + nil `ClientCAs` verifies client certs against the **system root pool** instead of the intended CA\n\nThe fix is changing `return nil` to `return err` on lines 787 and 800.\n\n### PoC\n\n1. Configure Caddy with mTLS pointing to a nonexistent CA file:\n\n```\n{\n    \"apps\": {\n        \"http\": {\n            \"servers\": {\n                \"srv0\": {\n                    \"listen\": [\":443\"],\n                    \"tls_connection_policies\": [{\n                        \"client_authentication\": {\n                            \"trusted_ca_certs_pem_files\": [\"/nonexistent/ca.pem\"]\n                        }\n                    }]\n                }\n            }\n        }\n    }\n}\n```\n\n2. Start Caddy \u2014 it starts without any error or warning.\n\n3. Connect with any client certificate (even self-signed):\n```bash\nopenssl s_client -connect localhost:443 -cert client.pem -key client-key.pem\n```\n\n4. The TLS handshake succeeds despite the certificate not being signed by the intended CA.\n\nA full Go test that proves the bug end-to-end (including a successful TLS handshake with a random self-signed client cert) is here: https://gist.github.com/moscowchill/9566c79c76c0b64c57f8bd0716f97c48\n\nTest output:\n```\n=== RUN   TestSwallowedErrorMTLSFailOpen\n    BUG CONFIRMED: provision() swallowed the error from a nonexistent CA file.\n    tls.Config has RequireAndVerifyClientCert but ClientCAs is nil.\n    CRITICAL: TLS handshake succeeded with a self-signed client cert!\n    The server accepted a client certificate NOT signed by the intended CA.\n--- PASS: TestSwallowedErrorMTLSFailOpen (0.03s)\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nAny deployment using `trusted_ca_cert_file` or `trusted_ca_certs_pem_files` for mTLS will silently degrade to accepting any system-trusted client certificate if the CA file becomes unavailable. This can happen due to a typo in the path, file rotation, corruption, or permission changes. The server gives no indication that mTLS is misconfigured.",
  "published_at": "2026-02-24T20:22:53Z",
  "updated_at": "2026-02-27T19:52:41Z",
  "severity": "medium",
  "cvss_score": 4.0,
  "exploit_status": "unknown",
  "source_confidence": "official",
  "official_source_url": "https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/security/advisories/GHSA-hffm-g8v7-wrv7",
  "secondary_source_urls": [
    "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27586",
    "https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/commit/d42d39b4bc237c628f9a95363b28044cb7a7fe72",
    "https://gist.github.com/moscowchill/9566c79c76c0b64c57f8bd0716f97c48",
    "https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy",
    "https://github.com/caddyserver/caddy/releases/tag/v2.11.1",
    "https://pkg.go.dev/vuln/GO-2026-4539"
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2026-27586",
    "GO-2026-4539",
    "GHSA-hffm-g8v7-wrv7"
  ],
  "cve_ids": [
    "CVE-2026-27586"
  ],
  "ghsa_ids": [
    "GHSA-hffm-g8v7-wrv7"
  ],
  "osv_ids": [
    "GHSA-hffm-g8v7-wrv7",
    "GO-2026-4539"
  ],
  "affected_versions": [
    "introduced=0, fixed<2.11.1"
  ],
  "fixed_versions": [
    "2.11.1"
  ],
  "package_name": "github.com/caddyserver/caddy/v2",
  "render_markdown": false,
  "case_path": null,
  "secure_code_topics": [
    "proxy-trust-boundary",
    "request-smuggling-boundary",
    "plugin-extension-trust-policy"
  ],
  "status": "generated",
  "triage_reasons": [],
  "verification_status": "triage-manual",
  "verification_mode": "synthetic",
  "last_verified_at": null,
  "last_run_id": null,
  "evidence_bundle": null,
  "historical_status": null,
  "latest_status": null,
  "browser_evidence": {
    "required": false,
    "present": false,
    "refs": []
  },
  "repro_profile_id": "authz-bypass-generic",
  "artifact_mode": "synthetic",
  "blocked_reason": null,
  "metadata": {
    "source_names": [
      "OSV Caddy"
    ],
    "source_kinds": [
      "osv-batch"
    ],
    "candidate_count": 2
  }
}