{
  "canonical_id": "nextjs--CVE-2025-59471",
  "system_id": "nextjs",
  "display_name": "Next.js",
  "category": "frameworks",
  "advisory_mode": "core",
  "title": "Next.js self-hosted applications vulnerable to DoS via Image Optimizer remotePatterns configuration",
  "summary": "A DoS vulnerability exists in self-hosted Next.js applications that have `remotePatterns` configured for the Image Optimizer. The image optimization endpoint (`/_next/image`) loads external images entirely into memory without enforcing a maximum size limit, allowing an attacker to cause out-of-memory conditions by requesting optimization of arbitrarily large images. This vulnerability requires that `remotePatterns` is configured to allow image optimization from external domains and that the attacker can serve or control a large image on an allowed domain.\n\nStrongly consider upgrading to 15.5.10 and 16.1.5 to reduce risk and prevent availability issues in Next applications.",
  "published_at": "2026-01-27T19:18:25Z",
  "updated_at": "2026-02-10T01:28:46.973023Z",
  "severity": "low",
  "cvss_score": 3.1,
  "exploit_status": "unknown",
  "source_confidence": "official",
  "official_source_url": "https://github.com/vercel/next.js/security/advisories/GHSA-9g9p-9gw9-jx7f",
  "secondary_source_urls": [
    "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59471",
    "https://github.com/vercel/next.js/commit/500ec83743639addceaede95e95913398975156c",
    "https://github.com/vercel/next.js/commit/e5b834d208fe0edf64aa26b5d76dcf6a176500ec",
    "https://github.com/vercel/next.js",
    "https://github.com/vercel/next.js/releases/tag/v15.5.10",
    "https://github.com/vercel/next.js/releases/tag/v16.1.5"
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-59471",
    "GHSA-9g9p-9gw9-jx7f"
  ],
  "cve_ids": [
    "CVE-2025-59471"
  ],
  "ghsa_ids": [
    "GHSA-9g9p-9gw9-jx7f"
  ],
  "osv_ids": [
    "GHSA-9g9p-9gw9-jx7f"
  ],
  "affected_versions": [
    "introduced=10.0.0, fixed<15.5.10",
    "introduced=15.6.0-canary.0, fixed<16.1.5"
  ],
  "fixed_versions": [
    "15.5.10",
    "16.1.5"
  ],
  "package_name": "next",
  "render_markdown": true,
  "case_path": "07-framework-security/frameworks/nextjs/cases/nextjs-cve-2025-59471.md",
  "secure_code_topics": [
    "authz-server-side-recheck",
    "proxy-trust-boundary",
    "token-cookie-storage"
  ],
  "status": "generated",
  "triage_reasons": [],
  "verification_status": "verified-real",
  "verification_mode": "real",
  "last_verified_at": "2026-03-18T03:58:17+00:00",
  "last_run_id": "nextjs-nextjs--CVE-2025-59471-20260318035811",
  "evidence_bundle": "/Users/x/websafe/06-case-studies/generated-runs/nextjs-nextjs--CVE-2025-59471-20260318035811",
  "historical_status": "verified-real",
  "latest_status": "verified-real",
  "browser_evidence": {
    "required": false,
    "present": true,
    "refs": [
      "/Users/x/websafe/06-case-studies/generated-runs/nextjs-nextjs--CVE-2025-59471-20260318035811/assets/baseline.png",
      "/Users/x/websafe/06-case-studies/generated-runs/nextjs-nextjs--CVE-2025-59471-20260318035811/assets/baseline-dom.html",
      "/Users/x/websafe/06-case-studies/generated-runs/nextjs-nextjs--CVE-2025-59471-20260318035811/logs/baseline-console.json",
      "/Users/x/websafe/06-case-studies/generated-runs/nextjs-nextjs--CVE-2025-59471-20260318035811/logs/baseline-network.json",
      "/Users/x/websafe/06-case-studies/generated-runs/nextjs-nextjs--CVE-2025-59471-20260318035811/logs/baseline-page.json",
      "/Users/x/websafe/06-case-studies/generated-runs/nextjs-nextjs--CVE-2025-59471-20260318035811/assets/proof.png",
      "/Users/x/websafe/06-case-studies/generated-runs/nextjs-nextjs--CVE-2025-59471-20260318035811/assets/proof-dom.html",
      "/Users/x/websafe/06-case-studies/generated-runs/nextjs-nextjs--CVE-2025-59471-20260318035811/logs/proof-console.json",
      "/Users/x/websafe/06-case-studies/generated-runs/nextjs-nextjs--CVE-2025-59471-20260318035811/logs/proof-network.json",
      "/Users/x/websafe/06-case-studies/generated-runs/nextjs-nextjs--CVE-2025-59471-20260318035811/logs/proof-page.json"
    ]
  },
  "repro_profile_id": "nextjs-proxy-boundary",
  "artifact_mode": "local-fixture",
  "blocked_reason": null,
  "metadata": {
    "source_names": [
      "OSV Next.js"
    ],
    "source_kinds": [
      "osv-batch"
    ],
    "candidate_count": 1
  }
}