{
  "canonical_id": "nuxt--CVE-2025-59414",
  "system_id": "nuxt",
  "display_name": "Nuxt",
  "category": "frameworks",
  "advisory_mode": "core",
  "title": "Nuxt has Client-Side Path Traversal in Nuxt Island Payload Revival",
  "summary": "### Summary\n\nA client-side path traversal vulnerability in Nuxt's Island payload revival mechanism allowed attackers to manipulate client-side requests to different endpoints within the same application domain when specific prerendering conditions are met.\n\n### Technical Details\n\nThe vulnerability occurs in the client-side payload revival process (revive-payload.client.ts) where Nuxt Islands are automatically fetched when encountering serialized `__nuxt_island` objects. The issue affects the following flow:\n\n1. During prerendering, if an API endpoint returns user-controlled data containing a crafted `__nuxt_island` object\n2. This data gets serialized with `devalue.stringify` and stored in the prerendered page\n3. When a client navigates to the prerendered page, `devalue.parse` deserializes the payload\n4. The Island reviver attempts to fetch `/__nuxt_island/${key}.json` where `key` could contain path traversal sequences\n\n### Prerequisites for Exploitation\n\nThis vulnerability requires **all** of the following conditions:\n\n1. **Prerendered pages**: The application must use Nuxt's prerendering feature (`nitro.prerender`)\n2. **Attacker-controlled API responses**: The attacker must be able to control the response content of an API endpoint that is called during prerendering via `useFetch`, `useAsyncData`, or similar composables\n3. **Client-side navigation**: A user must navigate to the prerendered page (not during initial SSR hydration)\n\n### Attack Scenario\n\n```javascript\n// Malicious API response during prerendering\n{\n  \"__nuxt_island\": {\n    \"key\": \"../../../../internal/service\",\n    \"params\": { \"action\": \"probe\" }\n  }\n}\n```\n\nThis could cause the client to make requests to `/__nuxt_island/../../../../internal/service.json` if path traversal is not properly handled by the server.\n\n### Impact Assessment\n\n- **Limited Impact**: The vulnerability has a low severity due to the highly specific prerequisites\n- **No Direct Data Exfiltration**: The vulnerability does not directly expose sensitive data\n- **Client-Side Only**: Requests originate from the client, not the server\n\n### Mitigation\n\n**Action Required:**\n- Update to Nuxt 3.19.0+ or 4.1.0+ immediately\n- Review any prerendered pages that fetch external or user-controlled data\n\n**Temporary Workarounds** (if immediate update is not possible):\n1. Disable prerendering for pages that fetch user-controlled data\n2. Implement strict input validation on API endpoints used during prerendering\n3. Use allowlists for API response structures during prerendering\n\n### Fix Details\n\n[The fix](https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/2566d2046bccb158d98fb13e42ce4b2c33fb2595) implemented validation for Island keys in `revive-payload.server.ts`:\n- Island keys must match the pattern `/^[a-z][a-z\\d-]*_[a-z\\d]+$/i`\n- Maximum length of 100 characters\n- Prevents path traversal and special characters",
  "published_at": "2025-09-17T20:42:28Z",
  "updated_at": "2025-09-18T13:04:21Z",
  "severity": "low",
  "cvss_score": 3.1,
  "exploit_status": "unknown",
  "source_confidence": "official",
  "official_source_url": "https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/security/advisories/GHSA-p6jq-8vc4-79f6",
  "secondary_source_urls": [
    "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2025-59414",
    "https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt/commit/2566d2046bccb158d98fb13e42ce4b2c33fb2595",
    "https://github.com/nuxt/nuxt"
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2025-59414",
    "GHSA-p6jq-8vc4-79f6"
  ],
  "cve_ids": [
    "CVE-2025-59414"
  ],
  "ghsa_ids": [
    "GHSA-p6jq-8vc4-79f6"
  ],
  "osv_ids": [
    "GHSA-p6jq-8vc4-79f6"
  ],
  "affected_versions": [
    "introduced=3.6.0, fixed<3.19.0",
    "introduced=4.0.0, fixed<4.1.0"
  ],
  "fixed_versions": [
    "3.19.0",
    "4.1.0"
  ],
  "package_name": "nuxt",
  "render_markdown": true,
  "case_path": "07-framework-security/frameworks/nuxt/cases/nuxt-cve-2025-59414.md",
  "secure_code_topics": [
    "authz-server-side-recheck",
    "proxy-trust-boundary",
    "token-cookie-storage",
    "path-traversal-guard"
  ],
  "status": "generated",
  "triage_reasons": [],
  "verification_status": "triage-manual",
  "verification_mode": "synthetic",
  "last_verified_at": null,
  "last_run_id": null,
  "evidence_bundle": null,
  "historical_status": null,
  "latest_status": null,
  "browser_evidence": {
    "required": false,
    "present": false,
    "refs": []
  },
  "repro_profile_id": "proxy-boundary-generic",
  "artifact_mode": "official-source",
  "blocked_reason": null,
  "metadata": {
    "source_names": [
      "OSV Nuxt"
    ],
    "source_kinds": [
      "osv-batch"
    ],
    "candidate_count": 1
  }
}