{
  "canonical_id": "astro--CVE-2024-56140",
  "system_id": "astro",
  "display_name": "Astro",
  "category": "frameworks",
  "advisory_mode": "core",
  "title": "Atro CSRF Middleware Bypass (security.checkOrigin)",
  "summary": "### Summary\n\nA bug in Astro\u2019s CSRF-protection middleware allows requests to bypass CSRF checks.\n\n### Details\n\nWhen the `security.checkOrigin` configuration option is set to `true`, Astro middleware will perform a CSRF check. (Source code: https://github.com/withastro/astro/blob/6031962ab5f56457de986eb82bd24807e926ba1b/packages/astro/src/core/app/middlewares.ts)\n\nFor example, with the following Astro configuration:\n\n```js\n// astro.config.mjs\nimport { defineConfig } from 'astro/config';\nimport node from '@astrojs/node';\n\nexport default defineConfig({\n\toutput: 'server',\n\tsecurity: { checkOrigin: true },\n\tadapter: node({ mode: 'standalone' }),\n});\n```\n\nA request like the following would be blocked if made from a different origin:\n\n```js\n// fetch API or <form action=\"https://test.example.com/\" method=\"POST\">\nfetch('https://test.example.com/', {\n\tmethod: 'POST',\n\tcredentials: 'include',\n\tbody: 'a=b',\n\theaders: { 'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded' },\n});\n// => Cross-site POST form submissions are forbidden\n```\n\nHowever, a vulnerability exists that can bypass this security.\n\n#### Pattern 1: Requests with a semicolon after the `Content-Type`\n\nA semicolon-delimited parameter is allowed after the type in `Content-Type`.\n\nWeb browsers will treat a `Content-Type` such as `application/x-www-form-urlencoded; abc` as a [simple request](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CORS#simple_requests) and will not perform preflight validation. In this case, CSRF is not blocked as expected.\n\n```js\nfetch('https://test.example.com', {\n\tmethod: 'POST',\n\tcredentials: 'include',\n\tbody: 'test',\n\theaders: { 'Content-Type': 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded; abc' },\n});\n// => Server-side functions are executed (Response Code 200).\n```\n\n#### Pattern 2: Request without `Content-Type` header\n\nThe `Content-Type` header is not required for a request. The following examples are sent without a `Content-Type` header, resulting in CSRF.\n\n```js\n// Pattern 2.1 Request without body\nfetch('http://test.example.com', { method: 'POST', credentials: 'include' });\n\n// Pattern 2.2 Blob object without type\nfetch('https://test.example.com', {\n\tmethod: 'POST',\n\tcredentials: 'include',\n\tbody: new Blob(['a=b'], {}),\n});\n```\n\n### Impact\n\nBypass CSRF protection implemented with CSRF middleware.\n\n> [!Note]\n> Even with `credentials: 'include'`, browsers may not send cookies due to third-party cookie blocking. This feature depends on the browser version and settings, and is for privacy protection, not as a CSRF measure.",
  "published_at": "2024-12-18T15:02:37Z",
  "updated_at": "2025-11-27T08:18:05.038082Z",
  "severity": "low",
  "cvss_score": 3.1,
  "exploit_status": "unknown",
  "source_confidence": "official",
  "official_source_url": "https://github.com/withastro/astro/security/advisories/GHSA-c4pw-33h3-35xw",
  "secondary_source_urls": [
    "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-56140",
    "https://github.com/withastro/astro/commit/e7d14c374b9d45e27089994a4eb72186d05514de",
    "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CORS#simple_requests",
    "https://github.com/withastro/astro",
    "https://github.com/withastro/astro/blob/6031962ab5f56457de986eb82bd24807e926ba1b/packages/astro/src/core/app/middlewares.ts"
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "CVE-2024-56140",
    "GHSA-c4pw-33h3-35xw"
  ],
  "cve_ids": [
    "CVE-2024-56140"
  ],
  "ghsa_ids": [
    "GHSA-c4pw-33h3-35xw"
  ],
  "osv_ids": [
    "GHSA-c4pw-33h3-35xw"
  ],
  "affected_versions": [
    "introduced=0, fixed<4.16.17"
  ],
  "fixed_versions": [
    "4.16.17"
  ],
  "package_name": "astro",
  "render_markdown": true,
  "case_path": "07-framework-security/frameworks/astro/cases/astro-cve-2024-56140.md",
  "secure_code_topics": [
    "authz-server-side-recheck",
    "csp-trusted-types",
    "token-cookie-storage",
    "dependency-upgrade-policy",
    "proxy-trust-boundary"
  ],
  "status": "generated",
  "triage_reasons": [],
  "entity_refs": [
    {
      "entity_id": "astro",
      "entity_type": "system",
      "relation": "root-system",
      "root_system_id": "astro",
      "official": true
    },
    {
      "entity_id": "astro--project--astro",
      "entity_type": "project",
      "relation": "affected-component",
      "root_system_id": "astro",
      "official": false
    }
  ],
  "affected_components": [
    {
      "name": "astro",
      "entity_id": "astro--project--astro",
      "scope": "package",
      "package_name": "astro",
      "official": false
    }
  ],
  "affected_version_ranges": [
    "introduced=0, fixed<4.16.17"
  ],
  "fixed_version_ranges": [
    "4.16.17"
  ],
  "introduced_version": "introduced=0, fixed<4.16.17",
  "patched_version": "4.16.17",
  "version_evidence_sources": [
    "https://github.com/withastro/astro/security/advisories/GHSA-c4pw-33h3-35xw",
    "https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2024-56140",
    "https://github.com/withastro/astro/commit/e7d14c374b9d45e27089994a4eb72186d05514de",
    "https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/CORS#simple_requests",
    "https://github.com/withastro/astro",
    "https://github.com/withastro/astro/blob/6031962ab5f56457de986eb82bd24807e926ba1b/packages/astro/src/core/app/middlewares.ts"
  ],
  "advisory_scope": "package",
  "version_confidence": "high",
  "version_gap_reason": "",
  "version_resolution_needed": false,
  "workflow": {
    "workflow_id": "astro--CVE-2024-56140--workflow",
    "vuln_family": "proxy-boundary",
    "entry_surface": "proxy-header-or-trust-boundary",
    "preconditions": [
      "\u4ec5\u5728 lab-local\u3001lab-public \u6216\u660e\u786e\u6388\u6743\u76ee\u6807\u4e2d\u6267\u884c\u3002",
      "\u786e\u8ba4\u76ee\u6807\u547d\u4e2d\u7248\u672c\u65ad\u8a00: introduced=0, fixed<4.16.17",
      "\u82e5\u5bf9\u8c61\u5c5e\u4e8e `package`\uff0c\u5148\u786e\u8ba4\u6269\u5c55/\u4ed3\u5e93/\u5305\u5df2\u542f\u7528\u5e76\u5904\u4e8e\u53d7\u5f71\u54cd\u7248\u672c\u3002"
    ],
    "required_role": "reverse-proxy-or-edge-client",
    "affected_version_assertion": [
      "introduced=0, fixed<4.16.17"
    ],
    "trigger_vector": "\u5bf9 `proxy-boundary` \u5bb6\u65cf\u5165\u53e3\u6295\u9012\u6700\u5c0f\u5316\u3001\u53ef\u5ba1\u8ba1\u3001\u53ef\u56de\u6eda\u7684\u53d7\u63a7\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u4fee\u590d\u524d\u540e\u5dee\u5f02\u3002",
    "request_or_ui_path": [
      "/middleware",
      "/x-forwarded-* trust path"
    ],
    "input_shape": "\u63d0\u4ea4\u53d7\u63a7\u4ee3\u7406\u5934\u6216\u6765\u6e90\u5934\uff0c\u9a8c\u8bc1\u4fe1\u4efb\u8fb9\u754c\u548c\u56de\u6e90\u9274\u6743\u3002",
    "expected_unsafe_behavior": "\u4ec5\u51ed\u4ee3\u7406\u5934\u5373\u53ef\u8d8a\u8fc7\u9274\u6743\u6216\u6765\u6e90\u63a7\u5236\u3002",
    "server_evidence_points": [
      "\u5e94\u7528\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7684\u547d\u4e2d\u8def\u5f84\u3001\u9274\u6743\u51b3\u7b56\u548c\u5f02\u5e38\u6808",
      "\u53cd\u5411\u4ee3\u7406\u6216\u8fb9\u754c\u5c42\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7684\u8bf7\u6c42\u5934\u3001\u6765\u6e90 IP \u4e0e\u8def\u7531\u51b3\u7b56"
    ],
    "browser_evidence_points": [
      "\u57fa\u7ebf\u622a\u56fe\u4e0e\u653b\u51fb\u540e\u622a\u56fe\u7684 DOM/\u89c6\u89c9\u5dee\u5f02",
      "console\u3001network \u4e0e response metadata \u4e2d\u7684\u5f02\u5e38\u4fe1\u53f7"
    ],
    "db_or_fs_evidence_points": [
      "\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u4e2d\u65b0\u589e/\u8d8a\u6743\u8bfb\u53d6\u7684\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6570\u636e",
      "\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u65b0\u589e\u4e0a\u4f20\u6837\u672c\u3001\u7f13\u5b58\u6761\u76ee\u6216\u8d8a\u6743\u8bfb\u53d6\u75d5\u8ff9"
    ],
    "detection_signals": [
      "WAF / reverse proxy \u5f02\u5e38\u65e5\u5fd7\u3001\u8bbf\u95ee\u65e5\u5fd7\u548c\u544a\u8b66",
      "\u5e94\u7528\u5ba1\u8ba1\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e2d\u7684\u6743\u9650\u9519\u8bef\u3001\u91cd\u5b9a\u5411\u5f02\u5e38\u3001\u6a21\u677f\u6e32\u67d3\u6216\u4e0a\u4f20\u843d\u76d8\u4e8b\u4ef6",
      "\u4e0a\u6e38\u4ee3\u7406\u4e0e\u5e94\u7528\u5c42\u5bf9 Content-Length / Transfer-Encoding / forwarded headers \u7684\u89e3\u91ca\u5dee\u5f02"
    ],
    "mitigation_summary": "\u4f18\u5148\u5347\u7ea7\u5230\u4fee\u590d\u7248\u672c\uff0c\u5e76\u540c\u65f6\u6536\u7d27\u8f93\u5165\u6821\u9a8c\u3001\u670d\u52a1\u7aef\u9274\u6743\u3001\u4ee3\u7406\u4fe1\u4efb\u8fb9\u754c\u3001\u6269\u5c55\u5b89\u88c5\u4fe1\u4efb\u548c\u5ba1\u8ba1\u65e5\u5fd7\u3002",
    "patch_validation_steps": [
      "\u786e\u8ba4\u76ee\u6807\u7248\u672c\u4ece `introduced=0, fixed<4.16.17` \u5347\u7ea7\u6216\u56de\u79fb\u5230 `4.16.17`\u3002",
      "\u4fdd\u7559\u540c\u4e00\u7ec4\u53d7\u63a7\u8f93\u5165\uff0c\u5728\u4fee\u590d\u524d\u540e\u5206\u522b\u6267\u884c\u5e76\u6bd4\u5bf9\u54cd\u5e94\u3001\u65e5\u5fd7\u4e0e\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bc1\u636e\u3002",
      "\u786e\u8ba4\u4fee\u590d\u540e\u4ec5\u4fdd\u7559\u9884\u671f\u4e1a\u52a1\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e0d\u518d\u89e6\u53d1\u8d8a\u6743\u3001\u56de\u663e\u3001\u5f02\u5e38\u6e32\u67d3\u6216\u9519\u8bef\u8bf7\u6c42\u3002",
      "\u8865\u5145 `proxy-boundary` \u65cf\u81ea\u52a8\u5316\u56de\u5f52\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u540c\u7c7b\u8def\u5f84\u5728\u63d2\u4ef6\u3001\u4e3b\u9898\u6216\u4ee3\u7406\u94fe\u4e2d\u56de\u5f52\u3002"
    ],
    "lab_safety_notes": [
      "\u53ea\u4f7f\u7528\u56de\u73af\u5730\u5740\u3001\u54e8\u5175\u76ee\u6807\u3001\u65e0\u5bb3\u6837\u672c\u6216\u53ef\u56de\u6eda\u6d4b\u8bd5\u6570\u636e\u3002",
      "\u7981\u6b62\u9020\u6210\u6301\u4e45\u7834\u574f\u3001\u8d8a\u6743\u4e0b\u8f7d\u771f\u5b9e\u6570\u636e\u6216\u4e0d\u53ef\u56de\u6eda side effect\u3002",
      "\u5982\u9700\u6d4f\u89c8\u5668\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u4fdd\u7559 baseline / proof \u4e24\u4efd\u5feb\u7167\u4ee5\u53ca console / network \u8bb0\u5f55\u3002"
    ],
    "review_state": "ready"
  },
  "verification_status": "triage-manual",
  "verification_mode": "synthetic",
  "last_verified_at": null,
  "last_run_id": null,
  "evidence_bundle": null,
  "historical_status": null,
  "latest_status": null,
  "browser_evidence": {
    "required": false,
    "present": false,
    "refs": []
  },
  "repro_profile_id": "proxy-boundary-generic",
  "artifact_mode": "synthetic",
  "blocked_reason": null,
  "metadata": {
    "source_names": [
      "OSV Astro"
    ],
    "source_kinds": [
      "osv-batch"
    ],
    "candidate_count": 1,
    "entity_ref_count": 2,
    "advisory_scope": "package",
    "version_confidence": "high",
    "workflow_id": "astro--CVE-2024-56140--workflow"
  }
}