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websafe-kb/07-framework-security/frameworks/werkzeug/cases/werkzeug-cve-2026-27199.md

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---
title: " Werkzeug safe_join() allows Windows special device names"
system_id: "werkzeug"
category: "frameworks"
advisory_mode: "core"
published_date: "2026-02-19T20:32:45Z"
updated_date: "2026-02-23T23:43:27.690386Z"
severity: "medium"
exploit_status: "unknown"
source_confidence: "official"
verification_status: "triage-manual"
verification_mode: "synthetic"
artifact_mode: "synthetic"
last_run_id: ""
target_types:
- "lab-local"
- "lab-public"
- "authorized-third-party"
allow_public_validation: "yes, with ownership or explicit authorization"
authorization_prerequisite: "asset ownership proof or explicit written authorization"
minimal_validation: "read-only probe, controlled payload, reversible test"
aliases:
- "CVE-2026-27199"
- "GHSA-29vq-49wr-vm6x"
affected_versions:
- "0.1"
- "0.10"
- "0.10.1"
- "0.10.2"
- "0.10.3"
- "0.10.4"
- "0.11"
- "0.11.1"
- "0.11.10"
- "0.11.11"
- "0.11.12"
- "0.11.13"
- "0.11.14"
- "0.11.15"
- "0.11.2"
- "0.11.3"
- "0.11.4"
- "0.11.5"
- "0.11.6"
- "0.11.7"
fixed_versions:
- "3.1.6"
entity_refs:
- "werkzeug:system:root-system"
- "werkzeug--project--werkzeug:project:affected-component"
secure_code_topics:
- "proxy-trust-boundary"
- "request-smuggling-boundary"
primary_source: "https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/security/advisories/GHSA-29vq-49wr-vm6x"
---
# Werkzeug safe_join() allows Windows special device names
## 本地实证状态
- 实证状态: `triage-manual`
- 实证方式: `synthetic`
- Artifact 模式: `synthetic`
- 最近运行: `-`
- 浏览器证据: `missing`
- Run Bundle: `-`
## 事件层
- Canonical ID: `werkzeug--CVE-2026-27199`
- 系统: `werkzeug`
- 严重度: `medium`
- 来源置信度: `official`
- 官方主源: https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/security/advisories/GHSA-29vq-49wr-vm6x
- 影响版本: `0.1, 0.10, 0.10.1, 0.10.2, 0.10.3, 0.10.4, 0.11, 0.11.1, 0.11.10, 0.11.11`
- 修复版本: `3.1.6`
## 对象与版本映射
- Advisory Scope: `package`
- 影响对象: `werkzeug`
- Entity Refs: `werkzeug, werkzeug--project--werkzeug`
- 版本置信度: `high`
- 版本缺口: `-`
- 版本证据源: `https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/security/advisories/GHSA-29vq-49wr-vm6x, https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27199, https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/commit/f407712fdc60a09c2b3f4fe7db557703e5d9338d, https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug, https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/releases/tag/3.1.6`
## 受控验证流程
- Workflow ID: `werkzeug--CVE-2026-27199--workflow`
- 漏洞家族: `proxy-boundary`
- 入口面: `proxy-header-or-trust-boundary`
- 需要角色: `reverse-proxy-or-edge-client`
- 触发向量: 对 `proxy-boundary` 家族入口投递最小化、可审计、可回滚的受控输入，比较修复前后差异。
- 请求/页面入口: `/middleware, /x-forwarded-* trust path`
- 输入形态: 提交受控代理头或来源头，验证信任边界和回源鉴权。
- 预期不安全行为: 仅凭代理头即可越过鉴权或来源控制。
## 其他来源
- https://nvd.nist.gov/vuln/detail/CVE-2026-27199
- https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/commit/f407712fdc60a09c2b3f4fe7db557703e5d9338d
- https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug
- https://github.com/pallets/werkzeug/releases/tag/3.1.6
## 证据点与补丁验证
### 服务端证据点
- 应用日志中的命中路径、鉴权决策和异常栈
- 反向代理或边界层日志中的请求头、来源 IP 与路由决策
### 浏览器证据点
- 基线截图与攻击后截图的 DOM/视觉差异
- console、network 与 response metadata 中的异常信号
### 数据库/文件系统证据点
- 数据库中新增/越权读取的测试数据
- 文件系统中新增上传样本、缓存条目或越权读取痕迹
### 检测信号
- WAF / reverse proxy 异常日志、访问日志和告警
- 应用审计日志中的权限错误、重定向异常、模板渲染或上传落盘事件
- 上游代理与应用层对 Content-Length / Transfer-Encoding / forwarded headers 的解释差异
### 补丁验证步骤
- 确认目标版本从 `0.1, 0.10, 0.10.1` 升级或回移到 `3.1.6`。
- 保留同一组受控输入，在修复前后分别执行并比对响应、日志与浏览器证据。
- 确认修复后仅保留预期业务行为，不再触发越权、回显、异常渲染或错误请求。
- 补充 `proxy-boundary` 族自动化回归，避免同类路径在插件、主题或代理链中回归。
### 实验安全备注
- 只使用回环地址、哨兵目标、无害样本或可回滚测试数据。
- 禁止造成持久破坏、越权下载真实数据或不可回滚 side effect。
- 如需浏览器证据，保留 baseline / proof 两份快照以及 console / network 记录。
## 实验层
- 仅用于自有资产、测试环境或已明确授权目标。
- 允许公网可达目标，但必须满足资产归属或明确授权前提。
- 最小化验证方式: 最小化验证、只读探测、可审计回显、受控注入。
- 若该案例涉及插件、模块或扩展，应同时检查供应链与升级策略。
- 禁止场景: 无归属证明或无明确授权的公网目标；知名公共网站或与测试无关的第三方资产；会造成持久破坏、数据越权下载或不可回滚影响的动作
## 修复示例
- [javascript-typescript:proxy-trust-boundary](/Users/x/websafe/05-defense/secure-code/javascript-typescript/proxy-trust-boundary.md)
- [nodejs:proxy-trust-boundary](/Users/x/websafe/05-defense/secure-code/nodejs/proxy-trust-boundary.md)
- [java:proxy-trust-boundary](/Users/x/websafe/05-defense/secure-code/java/proxy-trust-boundary.md)
- [php:proxy-trust-boundary](/Users/x/websafe/05-defense/secure-code/php/proxy-trust-boundary.md)
- [python:proxy-trust-boundary](/Users/x/websafe/05-defense/secure-code/python/proxy-trust-boundary.md)
- [ruby:proxy-trust-boundary](/Users/x/websafe/05-defense/secure-code/ruby/proxy-trust-boundary.md)
- [csharp:proxy-trust-boundary](/Users/x/websafe/05-defense/secure-code/csharp/proxy-trust-boundary.md)
- [go:proxy-trust-boundary](/Users/x/websafe/05-defense/secure-code/go/proxy-trust-boundary.md)
- [javascript-typescript:request-smuggling-boundary](/Users/x/websafe/05-defense/secure-code/javascript-typescript/request-smuggling-boundary.md)
- [nodejs:request-smuggling-boundary](/Users/x/websafe/05-defense/secure-code/nodejs/request-smuggling-boundary.md)
- [java:request-smuggling-boundary](/Users/x/websafe/05-defense/secure-code/java/request-smuggling-boundary.md)
- [php:request-smuggling-boundary](/Users/x/websafe/05-defense/secure-code/php/request-smuggling-boundary.md)
- [python:request-smuggling-boundary](/Users/x/websafe/05-defense/secure-code/python/request-smuggling-boundary.md)
- [ruby:request-smuggling-boundary](/Users/x/websafe/05-defense/secure-code/ruby/request-smuggling-boundary.md)
- [csharp:request-smuggling-boundary](/Users/x/websafe/05-defense/secure-code/csharp/request-smuggling-boundary.md)
- [go:request-smuggling-boundary](/Users/x/websafe/05-defense/secure-code/go/request-smuggling-boundary.md)
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